Botanical Name: Adhatoda Vasica
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Sub-class: Asteridae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Genus: Justicia
Species: J. adhatoda
Popular Name: Adulsa
Parts Used: Leaves, Roots, Flowers and Stem Bark
Habitat: The plant grows in plains and in lower Himalayan ranges up to 1,000 m above the sea level.
Description
Malabar nut is a small evergreen, sub-herbacious bush. The leaves are 10 to 16 cm in length, minutely pubescent and broadly lanceolate. When the leaves are dried, they appear dull brownish green in colour and taste bitter. The inflorescence is dense, short pedunculate, bractate and spike terminal. The corolla is large and white, with the lower lip streaked purple. The fruit is a 4-seeded small capsule. The stomata in the plant are elongated and oval in shape. The plant has been used in India for over 200 years. It is commonly cultivated in the tropics in the country.
Plant Chemicals
The chief alkaloid present in the leaves of Malabar nut is a quinazoline alkaloid, vasicine; the yield of the alkaloid from different samples in India ranged from 0.541 to 1.105 per cent on dry basis. Vasicine is accompanied by l- vasicinone, deoxyvasicine and maiontone. Some minor alkaloids viz. Vasicol, adhatodinine and vasicinol are also present. The roots of the plant contain vasicinolone, vasicol, peganine, hydroxy oxychalcone and glucosyl oxychalcone. The flowers of the plant contain b-sitosterol-D-glucoside, kaempferol, glycosides of kaempferoland and queretin.
Uses and Benefits of Malabar Nut
- The leaves of Malabar nut are rich in vitamin C and carotene and yield an essential oil.
- The shrub is the source of a drug well known in indigenous systems of medicine for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis.
- Its leaves, flowers, fruits and roots are extensively used for treating cold, cough, whooping cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
- The leaves are known to moderate the hypotensive activity, by lowering the blood pressure.
- They assist in conditions like uterine involution, menorrhagia (excessive menstural bleeding), post-childbirth haemorrhage and uterine stimulant activity.
- The fresh juice obtained from the leaves of Malabar nut has been used to treat tuberculosis. Its local use gives relief from pyorrhoea and bleeding gums.
- The leaves of this plant are, sometimes, also used as insecticides.
- Anti-spasmodic properties are also associated with the plant. It helps ease pain.
Cautions
- Consumption of Malabar nut has been contraindicated during pregnancy, except at the time of the process of birth, due to its anti-implantation properties.
- The herb possesses oxytocic properties, which stimulate the contractions of the uterus and also have abortifacient effects.
- Larger doses of this plant material can cause diarrhoea, irritation of the alimentary canal and vomiting.
