Geography

Natural Vegetation : India has various types of soils, climates, mountains, plateaus and plains. These are the natural elements. Different areas of the country have different rainfalls. Our natural vegetation has bushes, rain forests, thorns, alpine vegetation and tidal forests.Climatic distribution of Natural Vegetation : Temperature and rainfall has a great impact on natural vegetation. […]

Climatic Diversity : India is a very big country and has regional variations in its climate. The interior of the country has a continental type of climate. Variety of climates in India are :(i) June is the hottest month for Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh etc. In Rajasthan the temperature may go up to 550C.(ii) Temperature in

The Indian SubcontinentLocation : Indian subcontinent comprises of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The subcontinent extents between 80 4’N and 370 6’N latitudes and between 680 7’E and 970 25’E longitudes. If we add the sixth country Sri Lanka then it starts from 60N latitude. Through the middle of India the tropic of cancer

Rocks break into smaller pieces and fianlly into fine particles by the atmospheric elements like temperature wind, humdity, rain etc. This process is called weathering. Plants and animals also cause weathering of rocks.Weathering processes are of two types namely:(i) Physical or Mechanical weathering(ii) Chemical Weathering(i) Physical or Mechanical Weathering : The rocks break into smaller

Earthquakes : The tremors felt on the earth’s crust for a few seconds is called earthquake. In earthquakes the surface of the earth moves backward and forward or up and down.Following are the causes of Earthquakes.(i) The dislocated parts of the earth move up and down or to the sides and cause earthquakes.(ii) The internal

The globe of the earth is divided into three layers namely (a) The Earth’s crust, (b) Mantle and (c) Core.The Earth’s Crust : The outermost layer of the earth is called as the earth’s crust. It is about 30 km thick. In the region of continents it is thicker but at the floors of oceans

Water is a peculiar liquid as it can exist in three states namely solid state as ice, liquid states as water and gaseaus state as water vapour. In this chapter we discuss about humidity and rainfall.Water Vapour : Water is continuosly evaporating from seas, rivers, lakes, ponds etc. due to the heat of the sun.

Our atmosphere is a blanket of large amount of air. The pressure at any point on the earth’s surface due to the weight of the column of air is also quite large. It is almost equivalent to the weight of three elephants on our body or 15 pounds per square inch.Measurement and Units of PressureA

Weather : The prevailing atmospheric conditions—temperature, pressure, humidity, wind velocity and so on defines the weather. The study of weather is called meteorology carried out by meteorologists.Climate : Climate is the average weather conditions of a region over a long period or the climate is the long term or integrated manifestation of weather.Climate Controling FactorsClimate

Atmosphere : The blanket of air that covers the Earth is known as the atmosphere.The atmosphere goes up to about 1000 km from the surface of the Earth. 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere is contained within 32 km. The atmosphere gases are held by the gravitational pull of the Earth.Composition of the

Rotation of the Earth1. An imaginary line from west to east is taken as axis of the earth. Turning the earth from west to east is called the rotation of earth. Rotation makes the sun to rise every day in the east and set in the west.2. The earth spins around is aris west to

Longitudes extent from the north pole to south pole. These are the north-south lines. All meridians are halves of great circles.Latitudes are the east-west lines. Only one latitude, the equator, is a great circle.Relative location : It tells a particular place with respect to another place.Absolute location : It indicates position based on the coordinates

About 71% of earth is covered with water and 29% is the land mass.There are 7 continents—1. Asia (largest), 2. Africa, 3. North America, 4. South America, 5. Antarctica,6. Europe, 7. Australia (Smallest) OceansThere are four oceans. In order of decreasing size, they are:1. Pacific Ocean, 2. Atlantic Ocean, 3. Indian Ocean, 4. Arctic Ocean.The

The age of the earth has been estimated as 4.6 billion years. Many methods like radioactive dating, fossil records etc. have been used to determine the age of the earth. Scientists have also discovered that life on earth started some 570 million years ago. The first 345 millions years saw the development of marine life.

Space means outer space or the region beyond earth. It is that portion of the universe which is beyond the immediate influence of earth. The study of region beyond earth and the objects present in it is called space science.Space science is used for continuous weather monitoring and weather forecasting on the earth. This is