Zoology

Taxonomy : It deals with the study of the methods of identification, nomenclature and classification of the animals.Adnation : A phenomenon in which organs like leaves, flowers etc. instead of being present at their original place, undergo a shift and are seen away from their original place. Due to this adnation, there is displacement of […]

Reproductive cycles of femalesAll women have reproduction processess which depends on certain changes in reproductive organs. There are sexual cycles in females.There are two cycles exhibited by mammals specially by woman.Menstrual cycleIn woman menstrual cycle completes in about 26 to 28 days. After these days, ova are released from the ovary about 10 days after

There are two types of skeletal systems in animals.(i) Exoskeleton and (ii) Endoskeleton(i) Exoskeleton : This system is present on the surface of body. Scales in fishes, wings in birds, hair, teeth, horn in mammals are the examples of exoskeleton.(ii) Endoskeleton : It is made of bones and muscles. Man is the well known example.

Motion : All living bodies have the characterstic of movement while non living organisms do not move.Locomotion : Locomotion is defined as walking, swimming, running, crawling, hopping, playing etc. Most of the animals have contractile nature of muscles for movement and locomotion. Every animal has locomotion organs according to his needs.In cellular animals locomotion is

Fertilization : In the process of intercourse, sperm from semen comes in contact with ovum and fertilizes it. After fertilization embryo is formed. It needs proper nutrition and proper care so that the child is normal after growth.Embryonic Nutrition : After the development of an embryo the number of cells increases and the developing embryo

Reproduction is the process by which every animal maintains the existence of its own species. It is a biological process followed by every living organisms.Reproduction is of two types :(A) Asexual reproduction and(B) Sexual Reproduction.(A) Asexual reproduction : In this process the production of animals takes place without fertilization and zygote formation. This is of

Endocrine system contains two types of glands.Exocrine glands : These glands convey their secretion to the place of their action.Endocrine glands : These glands secrete hormones and send them into blood stream. Blood carries these hormones to the place of action. But pancreas and gonads are of mixed nature.Hormones : These are the chemicals produced

Sense organs : Eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin are the sense organs of the human body. Their description is given below.Eyes : Eyes are the organs of sight. All animals use eyes for seeing the objects. In man these are spherical in shape and situated in the orbits. Each eye ball is made up

Nervous system co-ordinates the functions of different organs of the body. With the help of external stimulus, the system analyses and produces sensations accordingly. It retains the memory of the past. It conducts the messages and information between the different organs of the body. The sense organs like eyes, ears, smell, taste etc. are also

During matabolic activities the harmful waste products produced in the body are eliminated by the body. This is known as excretion. There are several organs such as skin, liver, lungs, large intestine and kidneys, etc. known as excretory organs of the body. These organs help in performing the osmoregulatory function of the body.The animals are

Circulatory system supplies the food and the gases to the different parts of the body. Blood is the carrier for circulating the food and gases throughout the body regularly. It includes the blood, lymph, heart and vessels.Different circulatory systems are :1. Intra-cellular circulation : It is in single cell organisms like amoeba, paramecium etc. This

External and Internal RespirationIn external respiration the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the surroundings. In internal respiration utilization of oxygen carrying out of the oxidation and the elimination of CO2 by the body cells takes place.Tidal Volume : This is the amount of air expired or inspired involuntarilly. This is about

MineralsMineral salts regulate the various metabolic activities of the body. They are usually taken in food. The important minerals needed for the body are calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potasium, sodium, iron, sulphur, copper, cobalt, zinc, iodine, chlorine etc. Sodium Chloride is a important mineral salt.Water : Water is the essential constituent of the body. This is

Digestion : It is a hydrolytic process and is carried out by a number of enzymes. The process of digestion converts larger and complex food materials into smaller food particles which become easier to absorb. In fact it is a process of nutrition.Digestive system : The digestive system contains alimentary canal and the associated glands.

Integument or skin is the outer protective layer of the body. It protects the body from in fections and maintains its shape. Skin has hairs, it is water proof.Skin is thick and has two layers,Epidermis and Dermis.EPIDERMISIt is the outer layer of the skin. It has sensory nerves which are tactile in function. It is