Mao-Tse-Tung had recognised the importance of India. His slogan for sometime was that the two countries should stand together and they would be a factor in the world. Chou-En-Lai, the Prime Minister of China admitted that the two countries could adopt separate methods, though they were similar and had similar problems. After becoming a republican country in 1949, China’s bad intentions started towards its neighbouring countries. It has already captures Tibet and its relations with India was also not good. Nehruji was seeing all this, but he declined to interfere in the Tibet affair by saying that it is their internal problem and let them sort it out.
In 1954, the Prime Minister of China, Chou-En-Lai visited India. He had received a grand welcome in India. Negotiations over Tibet were however protracted and they were a sign of India’s awareness of the problem along the border. The preamble to the agreement was important and was to become widely accepted throughout the world as Panchsheel, the five principles of peace. These principles are—
1. Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty;
2. Mutual non-aggression.
3. Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
4. Equality and mutual benefit; and
5. Peaceful co-existence.
India gave up certain rights to trade, pilgrim traffic, and communications were re-established. After this in October 1954, Jawaharlal visited China. After China, he also visited Vietnam and Indonesia and gave the message of peace everywhere.
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